Docker Essential Commands

Here are list of some useful commands for docker

Docker Images :

Docker Environment Variables :

How to check environment set for container ?

docker inspect containerid

Run a container named blue-app using image asif1202/simple-webapp and set the environment variable APP_COLOR to blue. Make the application available on port 38282 on the host. The application listens on port 8080

docker run -p 38282:8080 -e APP_COLOR=blue --name blue-app kodekloud/simple-webapp

Deploy a mysql database using the mysql image and name it mysql-db. Set the database password to use db_pass123. Lookup the mysql image on Docker Hub and identify the correct environment variable to use for setting the root password.

docker run -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=db_pass123 mysql --name mysql-db

Commands vs Entrypoint

Defines Process with in the containers . eg for nginx image CMD[“nginx”] , for mysql image CMD[“mysqld”] .

Why containers move to exit state? And how can we keep them live using CMD or Entrypoint ?

Let’s say for ubuntu image we specified cmd as CMD[“bash”] .For bash it’s listen inputs from terminal . If terminal not finds container exits. If you are creating ubuntu container and launch bash program. By default docker doesn’t attach to a container when it is run. So the bash program doesn’t finds it’s terminal so exits. Since the process was started when container was created finished. Container exits as well.

To avoid container to exit ,One way is using docker run command. It override default commands within image.

docker run ubuntu sleep 5

Same we can achieve by passing CMD and Entrypoint.

CMD[“sleep”,”5″] – If you want to specify time in command.

Entrypoint[“sleeep”] – In this way you need to pass parameter in docker run command. By default it will take parameter from docker run but if you didn’t specify parameter in docker run It will throw error. To avoid that, Set both CMD instructions and entrypoint as default value but it can be override by passing parameter in run command. In given below example parameter 10 will override default value of sleep 5.

docker run ubuntu 10

From Ubuntu
Entrypoint[“sleep”]
CMD[“5”]

How can you find entrypoint for an docker image ?

By using command , docker inspect imagename

Run an instance of the ubuntu image to run the sleep 1000 command at startup. Run it in detached mode ?

docker run ubuntu sleep 1000

Eg-1 Create a container with name redis and image redis:alpine

docker run --name=redis redis:alpine

Eg-2 Create a simple container called clickcounter with the image asif1202/click-counter, link it to the redis container that we created in the previous task and then expose it on the host port 8085.The clickcounter app run on port 5000.

docker run -d --name=clickcounter --link redis:redis -p 8085:5000 asif1202/click-counter

Eg-3 Create a docker-compose.yml file under the directory /root/clickcounter. Once done, run docker-compose up.

The compose file should have the exact specification as follows –

  • redis service specification – Image name should be redis:alpine.
  • clickcounter service specification – Image name should be asif1202/click-counter, app is run on port 5000 and expose it on the host port 8085 in the compose file.
services:
  redis:
    image: redis:alpine

  clickcounter:
    image: asif1202/click-counter
    ports:
    - 8085:5000

version: '3.0'
docker-compose up -d

Docker Storage :-

In which docker storage stores the files ?

/var/lib/docker

1- What directory under /var/lib/docker are the files related to the container (eg. alpine-3) image stored?

The directory name is the same as the container id.

2- Run a mysql container named mysql-db using the mysql image. Set database password to db_pass123

Note: Remember to run it in the detached mode.

docker run -d --name mysql-db -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=db_pass123 mysql

3- Run a mysql container again, but this time map a volume to the container so that the data stored by the container is stored at /opt/data on the host. Use the same name : mysql-db and same password: db_pass123 as before. Mysql stores data at /var/lib/mysql inside the container

docker run -v /opt/data:/var/lib/mysql -d --name=mysql-db -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=db_pass123 mysql

Note : In case of database crash data will be stored in /opt/data location only . We can retrieve data by redeploying container with same above command.

A

CommandsDescription
docker psList all running containers
docker ps -aList all containers stopped, running
docker stop container-idStop the container which is running
docker start container-idStart the container which is stopped
docker restart container-idRestart the container which is running
docker port container-idList port mappings of a specific container
docker rm container-id or nameRemove the stopped container
docker rm -f container-id or nameRemove the running container forcefully
docker pull image-infoPull the image from docker hub repository
docker pull stacksimplify/springboot-helloworld-rest-api:2.0.0-RELEASEPull the image from docker hub repository
docker exec -it container-name /bin/shConnect to linux container and execute commands in container
docker rmi image-idRemove the docker image
docker logoutLogout from docker hub
docker login -u username -p passwordLogin to docker hub
docker statsDisplay a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
docker top container-id or nameDisplay the running processes of a container
docker versionShow the Docker version information
docker run To run the docker container

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